The psychometric properties of the instrument were examined with a sample of 351 Puerto Rican university students, and revealed an internal consistency of 0.88. A revised version of the BDI was later developed in Puerto Rico according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. This instrument was validated in Puerto Rico with 300 participants and obtained an internal Cronbach alpha consistency of 0.89. The most widely used measuring instrument in Puerto Rico to examine symptoms of depression in adults is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI BDI-II). Instruments that Measure Depression and Anxiety in Puerto Rico Furthermore, among young Puerto Ricans, 13.4% of adolescents were found to suffer from major depression, 8.3% from suicidal ideation, and 6.9% from behavioral disorders. Puerto Ricans in the USA had specifically higher levels of anxiety and depression, but not psychiatric disorders in general, compared to those on the island. On the other hand, comparison analyses between Puerto Ricans living on the island and Puerto Ricans living in the United States (USA) showed that Puerto Ricans from the island had similar rates of psychiatric disorders to Puerto Ricans living in the U.S.
More recent findings revealed that about 10.4% of the Puerto Rican adult population suffers from some form of mood disorder, while 12.5% of that population experiences some form of anxiety disorder. The Center for Disease Control found that the overall prevalence of depression in Puerto Rico was 16.8% in 2011, 16.3% in 2012, 18.8% in 2013, and 18.5% in 2014. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Puerto Rico Given this lack of studies and with the certainty that DASS-21 are being used in Puerto Rico, several questions arise: Will the DASS-21 have adequate psychometric properties for the Puerto Rican population? Will they have the ability to adequately discriminate between clinical symptoms associated with depression and anxiety? To answer these questions, our study will analyze the construct validity of the Hispanic version of DASS-21 in a Puerto Rican adult sample.ġ.1. Therefore, we do not find instrumental studies that evaluate the psychometric properties of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) in Puerto Rico, which is an instrument that in recent years has taken on become much more widely used for Spanish-speaking populations. In the case of Puerto Rico, very few researchers have conducted studies to analyze the psychometric properties of the most commonly used depression and anxiety measures in clinical scenarios. This is only possible with instruments that properly discriminate between symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Valid and reliable clinical measurement instruments are required to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of people with simultaneous symptoms. įor this reason, it is essential that at the beginning of any treatment, mental health professionals evaluate the presence and severity of symptoms associated with depression and anxiety in their patients. Similar studies have empirically shown the significant association between anxiety and depression, which is why it is often difficult to identify, treat, and distinguish both diagnoses.
In fact, between 40% and 70% of people diagnosed with depression have been shown to simultaneously meet the diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. The scientific literature has thoroughly documented the comorbidity between anxiety and depression disorders in a variety of studies. Mood disorders have the highest prevalence worldwide when compared to all other mental disorders, followed by anxiety disorders.
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